Electrical apparatus.



F. F. BRAND.

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 2. IBM. 1,304,257, Patented May 2O, 19!).

3 SHEETSSNEET i.

Inventor: Frederick FBrand 7/ m b5 ii wn' [17? His Nfjtorneg.

F. F. BRAND.

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED rm. 2. I917.

Patented May 20, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2 Inventor Frederick F. Brand,

His Attorneg.

F. F. BRAND.

ELECTRICAL APPAHMUS.

Ammmou FILED ms. 2. new.

Patented May 20, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3 .6 m Mwr mm uh me n His Attorneg.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK F. BRAND, OF PITTSFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 20, 1919.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I Fnnonnion F. BRAND, a. subject of the King of Great Britain, re siding at Pittsfield. county of Berkshire, State of lvilassachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electrical Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to transformers, including under that term, besides transformers, some other devices which are similar in physical construction, such as compensators or auto-transformers, some reactances. etc. My invention relates particularly to the so-called core type form of such devices. and similar designs wherein a considerable part of the windings are exterior to the core.

Some of the objects of my invention are to improve the construction of such devices, particularly by improving the cooling and insulating of the same by directing the cooling fluid into more or less definite and desired paths, and by increasing the mechanical strength of the windings of the devices. Preferably, the cooling fluid is forced through the devices by any suitable means.

In the accompanying drawings and the following description I have illustrated and described in some detail certain preferred embodiments of my invention in core type transformers from which my invention may be more completely understood.

Figure 1 is an elevation partially in sec tion of a concentric cylindrical coil transformer embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view also partially in section of the same transformer. Fig. 3 is an elevation. again partially in section. of the top of the transforn'ier of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a part of an interleaved disk coil transformer embodying my invention. Fig.

5 is an elevation, partly in section, of a con-' centric disk-cylindrical coil transformer embodying my invention.

According to my invention, each winding stack. or the windings on each core leg, is preferably provided with an individual casin exterior of and closely surrounding and substantially uniformly spaced from the windings for directing the flow of the cooling fluid between said windings and the respective casing, the cooling fluid preferably traversing each casing from ad aCent one end of the respective core leg to the other. The casings are preferably fairly closely disposed to the windings in order to bring the cooling fluid into thorough contact with the windings; if the casings are disposed too near the windings or too far from the windings, the efliciency of the cooling is materially decreased, I have found that spacin the casings in the neighborhood of oneha f to three-fourths of an inch from the windings generally produces quite satisfactory results when the cooling fluid is air and is forced through the device, although it will be understood that the spacing between the casings and windings will vary somewhat with different constructions. The casings will generally be substantially uniformly spaced about the circumferences of the wind ings in order that substantially uniform effects may be obtained. Preferably a receiving or sub-casing incloses a yoke of the core and receives under some pressure the cooling fluid for the device, the individual casing or casings for that transformer opening into that receiving casing and receiving from said receiving casing the cooling fluid for cooling that winding stack or stacks. Such an arrangement is particularly advantageous when the device is to be cooled by the forced How of air. Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate a simple embodiment of these features.

The transformer of Fig. 1 comprises a rectangular core 10 with concentric cylindrical windings on each of its two legs. The windings on the leg 11 comprise a low voltage winding of two concentric c lindrical coils 12 and 13, surrounded by the igh volt age winding comprising the two concentric cylindrical coils 14 and 15. The transformer is carried by the lower core clamps 18 and the beams 19 and 20, the arrangement and construction of which are immaterial to the present invention except that these beams are so arranged that the cooling fluid, in this case air, may have ready access through the floor carrying the transformer to the parts thereof. The upper core clamp comprises beams 21 quite similar to the beams 18 Rods 22 provided with lifting lugs 23 are provided for lifting the transformer. Between the low voltage coil 12 and the core leg 11 is arranged an insulating cylinder 25 spaced both from. the core leg and the coil 12 and open at both ends. Likewise similar cylinders 26, 27 and 28 of are laced respectively between coils 12 and 13, etween 13 and 14 and between 14 and insulating material 15. These coils and insulating cylinders are spaced from each other by vertical spacing rods or spacers 29 which are separated from each other to provide for the passage of the cooling fluid in contact with the coils. These insulating cylinders and the coils are carried by coil supports and clamps 32 and 33, respectively, below and above the coils and cylinders. These supports and clamps are carried by the core clamps 18 and 21, the clamps 33 being directly carried by members adjustable in length, the bolts and nuts 34.

Exterior to and closely surrounding and substantially uniformly spaced from the exterior of the windings or coil stack on the core leg 11 is its individual casing 37, a cylinder of insulating material, open at both ends. This casing 37 (and preferab-l the insulating cylinders or casings 25, 26, 2 and 28 so far as the other conditions allow or justify) is sufficiently closely disposed to the coil 15 (and the other respective coils) as to bring into thorough contact with the windings, the air flowing through the insulaiting casings and designed to cool the windings. As before found that spacing the casings something like from one-half to three-fourths of an inch from the windings produces q-uite satisfaotorf results when the cooling fluid is air. Like t e other cylinders, the cylinder 37 is spaced from the adjacent coil of the windings, that is the coil 15, by vertical spacers 29, distributed around the circumference of the coil 15 and separated from each other to provide vertical ventilating passages between the coil and casing. The opposite core leg is provided with similar windings and casings similarly supported, and need not be further described. Some winding connections are shown adjacent the lower yoke of the transformer core; other terminals and connections of the windings are brought to the terminal boards 40 attached to one of the core clamps 21. These connections, terminals and termi a1 boards, comprising no part of my inven ion, need not be further described.

A casing providing the external surface of the apparatus completely surrounds this transformer except opposite its base. This casing" comprises an upper, portion 41, a lower portion42, and a cover 43. The upper and lower portion areseparated from each other by a horizontal partition 44 separating the easing into two chambers, the casing portion 42 and the horizontal partition 44 providing the receiving or sub-casing inclosing the lower yoke of the core 10. The individual stack casin 37 are carried mainly by the horizonta partition 44, each casing settin closely into the aperture provided in the 'orizontal partition 44, through which its respective core leg passes. The. in-

indicated I have teriors of the casings 37, like the interiors of the other insulating casings 25 and 28, open into and communicate with the receiving casing of the member 42. As appears from the drawings, no coo-ling fluid can pass upward from the receiving casing except within the individual casings 37.

This transformer is designed to be cooled by the forced flow of air through its windings and about its core. The transformer is desi ed to set over an air pit from which air is forced under SOIIIBPI'BSSUIG into the receiving casing of the member 42. From the receiving casing the air finds its way throughthe interiors of the insulating casings 25, 26, 27, 28 and 37 in thorough contact with the coils of the windings and along the core legs, the casings 37 restraining the flow of air from the receiving casing except through themselves and preventing its es cape into the distant parts of the chamber of the casing member 41 before it acts upon the parts to be cooled. These casings 37 also directly cause the air to flow in thorough and uniform contact with all the exterior surfaces of the windings.

Tap connections are readily applied to transformers provided with casings such as I have indicated above. These casings are preferably of insulating material, in which case the connections to and between taps may be located outside of these casings, the connections extending through the casings directly opposite the taps. Taps and tap connections are therefore readily applied, since they are suitably insulated without material difiiculty. Thus each of the coils 15 is provided with two taps which are connected to the terminal boards 40 by means of the tap connections 39. As shown in the drawings .these tap connections 39 are brought down from the connection boards outside the individual casings 37. These casings 37 are provided with apertures directly opposite the taps through which the tap connections pass to their respective taps. The individual casings 37, being of insulating material, materially insulate the tap connections from the winding surfaces along which the connections must pass to the connection boards 40 and therefore materially simplify the application of tap; to the transformer.

Casings like 37 may be employed for reinforcing the windings in directions at right angles to the winding axis. For this function the casings may be provided with sufficient inherent strength to materially reinforce the windings or strengthening bands may be applied exterior to the casings for lending the requisite radial strength there to. forcing means for the windings may be providedwithor withoutithe function of assist ing in the cooling of the apparatus although Obviously, surrounding radially rein-,.

the two functions are peculiarly adapted to be combined in a single structure. In order that the inclosing reinforcing means may not interfere with the cooling between the windings and the reinforcing means, spacing blocks separated from each other to provide ventilating spaces may be provided between the windings and the inclosing reinforcing means therefor. Thus in the construction of Figs. 1 and 2, as before pointed out, the different coils of the windings of any one stack are spaced from each other by vertical spacing strips 29 and the casings 37 are spaced from the exteriors of the windings by similar spacing strips 29. In radially bursting the windings on either leg therefore, it is necessary to disrupt the respective casing 37. The inherent strength of the casings 37 may be suflicient for materially reinforcing the windings in all radial directions in all planes perpendicularly to the winding axis and passing through the casings; they are however preferably aided in reinforcing the windings by, or they may to aconsiderable extent surrender the reinforcing functions to, the bands 45 surrounding the casings and strongly fastened at their ends to the vertical rods 46.

Fig. 3 is an end view of the top of the transformer of Fig. 1, the tank or surface casing 41 being partly broken away to Show some of the end of the transformer proper. This figure is of some aid in understanding the arrangements of the coil and insulating casing supports and carriers. The figure also shows the application of theterminal boards to the top core and clamps and further illustrates more clearly than Fig. 1 the valves 50 controlling the flow of air through the transformer. The cover 43 of the tank is provided with openings for the escape of the air from the interior of tank member 41. These openings extend in the general direction of the long axis of the cover at each side of the center line thereof. Two shafts 51 likewise extend generally along the longer axis of the cover 43, each carrying one of the valves 50. These shafts are geared together as shown in Fig. 3 and designed to be operated as a single unit by the rod 52 carried by the arm 53. Under the control of the rod 52, the shafts 51 are rotated and the valves 50 either closed over the air passages in the cover 43 or lifted therefrom. The notched are 54 is adapted to lock the rod 52 in any one of certain given positions.

Fig. 4 illustrates certain modifications of the construction hereinbefore described. Instead of constructing the transformer tank in such a way that the tank itself provides a receiving casing or sub-casing for directing the cooling fluid into the individual casings,

a construction something like that shown in Fig. 4 may be used. The tank 61 is of any simple suitable design as is indicated by this lower corner section thereof. Within the tank the transformer supporting members 62 are carried in any suitable manner, the transformer itself carrying the horizontal partition 63 for separating the receiving or subcasing from the upper part of the tank. This partition 63, like the horizontal partition 44 of Fig. 1, is provided with an opening for eachleg of the core to be provided with an. individual casing. About the outer ed e of the horizontal partition 63 is provi ed a. downwardly extending flange member 64 engaging the floor of the transformer tank 61 and completing the receiving or suhcasing. Preferably, as before indicated, means are provided for forcing a cooling fluid under some pressure into the receiving casing and thereby causing the cooling fluid to flow through the individual stack casing or casings. The flange member 64 may be provided at its lower end with a somewhat resilient member 65 for making a sufliciently tight contact between the flange 64 and the floor of the transformer casing to withstand the pressure of the fluid within the receiving no casing.

The exterior insulating casings may be readily combined and made to cooperate with other casings or other suitable devices for directing in a thorou h manner the flow of a cooling fluid through windings of disk coils. The disk coils are spaced from each other along the core and two ventilating passages, one within and one without the windings, are provided substantially parallel to the extent of the core leg; one end of each of these passages I close, preferably by closing one passage adjacent one end of the core leg and the second passage adjacent the. other end of the core leg, the opposite ends of the passages being open to admit the passage of a cooling fluid. The whole device is thus arranged so that cooling fluid flows into one of these passages and from there finds its way between the various disk coils to the second passage and out of this second passage, preferably through the open end thereof at the end of the winding stack opposite that through which the cooling fluid entered. Something of the same direction of fluid flow through disk coils may indeed be obtained by the use of only one passage, provided, for example, by but one casing to a coil stack, either within or exterior to the windings, the fluid escaping from between 1:70 the coils into the atmosphere or the large space within the casing or tank inclosing the apparatus. Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate embodiments of these features. 1

The disk coil windings in Fig. 4 are of the interleaved type. The low voltage coils 66 are separated from the high voltage coils 67 by annular insulating plates 68. Likewise the high voltage coils 67 are separated from each other by annular insulating plates ($9. The coils and insulating plates are separated (presumably by radial spacers of some one of the forms now common, the spacers being separated from each other) to space the coils from each other along the core to provide ventilating spaces over the faces of the coils for the flow of the cooling fluid. The arrows indicate something of the direction of the flow of the cooling fluid. This direction of flow is obtained by means of an individual exterior stack casing cooperating with an interior cylindrical casing 71, these casings being somewhat spaced from the outer and inner circumference of the disk coils to provide for the flow of cooling fluid between the respective casings and the coils. The passage between the exterior air directing casing 70 and the coils is closed at its lower end, that is adjacent the receiving casing, and is open. to the interior of the tank at its upper end; oppositely, the passage between the interior cylinder 71 is open into the receiving casing and closed adjacent the upper end of the core leg. The. cooling fluid is therefore required to flow into the vertical passage adjacent the casing 71 and between the coils into the passage adjacent the casing 70. This construction for cooling disk coils is somewhat more clearly indicated in Fig. 5.

The transformer of Fig. 5 is of the concentric disk-cylindrical coil construction. The low voltage windings comprise two concentric cylindrical coils on each leg of the core; the high voltage winding comprising a number of disk coils 81 distributed and spaced from each other along the core or winding axis and concentric with the coils 80. An individual stack casing 82 surrounds the winding stack some distance from the outer edges of the disk coils 81 to provide a vertical ventilating passage between the coil edges and the casing 82. An interior casing 83 separates the high voltage coils 81 from the low voltage coils 80 and provides a vertical ventilating passage adjacent the coils 81 and another adjacent the coils 80. Still more interior casings 84 separate the low voltage coils 80 from each other and from the core leg 85, and provide vertical ventilating passages both adjacent the coils 80 and adjacent the core leg 85. A receiving or sub-casing is provided by the member 86 and the horizontal partition 87. The transformer tank 88 inoloses the Whole transformer. It should be observed that the horizontal partition 87 closes the lower end of the vertical passage adjacent the individual stack casing 82. Likewise another horie zontal partition 91 closes the upper end of the vertical passage between the casing 83 and the disk coils 81. The interiors of the casings 83 and 84 are open at both the top and bottom thereof. As a result the cooling fluid flows in the directions indicated by the arrows, straight along the sides of the core leg 85, straight along the surface of the coils 80, and into the passage adjacent the interior edges of the disk coils 81, thence between the disk coils into the passage adjacent the individual casing 82 and along this passage until it escapes tl'irough the upper opened end thereof. It will be understood that the disk coils 81 are separated along the winding axis to provide suitable ventilating spaces between these coils as indicated with reference to the disk coils of Fig. 4.

While I have described the principle of my invention and the best mode I have con templated for applying this principle, other modifications will. occur to those skilled in this art and I aim in the appended claims to cover all modifications which do not involve a departure from the spirit and scope of my invention.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. The combination with a core. of a plu ralit of coiled windings on a. leg of said core, an individual casing surrounding said windings and disposed in substantially uniform spaced relation thereto. and means for supplying a cooling and insulating medium to the base of said casing; said casing being arranged to divert a portion of said mediuim direct it over the edges of said windings and discharge it from the other end.

2. The combination with a core, of a plurality of coiled windings on a leg of said core, an individual casing surrounding said windings and disposed in substantially uniforms aced relation thereto, a receiving casing su stantially inclosing the yoke of said core. and means for admitting a cooling and insulating medium to said receiving casing, said first named casing being arranged to divert a portion of said medium, direct it over the edges of said windings and discharge it from the other end.

3. The combination with a transformer comprising a core and windings on a leg thereof, of spacing blocks distributed over the exterior of said windings and separated from each other to provide ventilating spaces extending in the directions of the winding axis, windings between the two ends thereof, said casing engaging said spacing blocks and reinforcing said windings in radial directions.

4. The combination with a transformer comprising a core and windings on a leg thereof, of spacing blocks distributed over the exterior of said windings and separated from each other to provide ventilating spaces extending in the direction of the winding axis a casin inclosing said windings and. engaging sai spacing blocks, and bands exterior to and about said casing reinforcing said windings in radial directions.

5. The combination with a transformer and a casing inclosing said.

comprising a core and windings on a leg thereof, said windings being made up of a plurality of concentric parts, of spacing blocks between the interior and exterior parts 011 said windings, and a casing inclosing said windings between the ends of the windings and reinforcing said windings in radial directions.

(3. A transformer comprising a core and windings on a leg of the core, said windings comprising a plurality of disk coils spaced from each other along the core, a casing for said windings arranged to provide two ventilating passages, each extending substantially parallel to the axis of said core leg, one within and the other without the Windings, one of said passages being closed adjacent one end of said core leg and the second passage being closed adjacent the other end of said core leg, the opposite ends of the passages being open to admit the passage of cooling fluid.

7. The combination with a transformer comprising a core and windings on a leg of the core, said windings comprising a plurality of disk coils spaced from each other along the core, a casing for said windings arranged to provide two ventilating passages, each extending substantially parallcl to the axis of said core leg, one within and the other Without the windings, one of said passages being closed adjacent one end of said core leg and the second passage being closed adjacent the other end of said core leg, the other ends of the passages being open to admit the passage of cooling fluid, of means for directing a cooling fluid under some pressure into the open end of one of said passages.

A transformer comprising a core and ini'lings on a leg of the core, said windings comprising a plurality of disk coils spaced from each other along the core, a casing for said windings arranged to provide two ventilating passages extending substantially parallel to the axis of said core leg, one within and the other Without the W1ndings, one end oi. each of said passages being closed, the other ends thereof being open to admit the passage of a cooling fluid.

9. A transformer comprising a core, windings on a leg thereof, said windings comprising a plurality of disk coils spaced from each other along the core, means for supplying a cooling medium at one edge of said coils, and means for causing the cooling medium to flow radially between said coils from said edge to the other over substantially the whole face of said coils.

10. A transformer comprising a core, windings on a leg thereof composed. of a plurality of disk coils disposed in spaced relation along said leg, and a casing for said winding arranged to surround the same in spaced relation. thereto and provided with means for directing the flow of a coolin medium both axially and radially about sai windings.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 28th day of Dec., 1916.

FREDERICK F. BRAND.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

